Animal-assisted therapy (AAT), also known as zootherapy, is a therapeutic method that involves the use of animals to enhance the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of individuals. This practice is based on the interaction between a patient and an animal in a structured setting, with the goal of promoting healing, improving health, or addressing specific psychological disorders. Zootherapy has developed over recent decades and is increasingly popular in various medical, educational, and social contexts.
The Foundations of Animal-Assisted Therapy
Animal-assisted therapy is based on the idea that interaction with animals—particularly dogs, horses, cats, and sometimes even rabbits or dolphins—can have positive effects on health. It relies on the psychological and physiological mechanisms triggered by this interaction. Animals provide emotional support, promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and encourage the expression of emotions.
Scientists explain that the presence of animals can stimulate the production of certain hormones, such as oxytocin (the hormone of bonding and happiness), while reducing cortisol levels (the stress hormone). This fosters a sense of calm and security, which is crucial for individuals with various disorders.
Types of Animal-Assisted Therapy
There are several types of animal-assisted therapy, depending on the needs of the patients and the animals involved:
- Canine-Assisted Therapy (Canine Therapy):
One of the most common forms of animal-assisted therapy. Dogs are used to help reduce stress, improve mobility, and enhance social interactions for patients, particularly those with autism, depression, or cognitive disorders in the elderly. - Equine-Assisted Therapy (Equitherapy):
The use of horses in therapy is widespread, especially for behavioral disorders and psychological trauma. The horse, with its imposing stature and calming nature, helps strengthen self-confidence and improve emotional regulation. It is also used in physical rehabilitation, particularly for motor disorders or recovery after accidents. - Feline-Assisted Therapy:
Although less common, the presence of cats can have beneficial effects on managing stress and anxiety. Their calm nature and independence make them good companions in certain therapeutic programs. - Dolphin-Assisted Therapy:
A less accessible form of therapy, this approach involves interaction with dolphins in a controlled environment. It is particularly used for treating certain neurological or behavioral disorders, especially in children with autism spectrum disorders.
Benefits of Animal-Assisted Therapy
The benefits of animal-assisted therapy are numerous and have been widely studied. Some of the most notable include:
- Stress and Anxiety Reduction:
Animals have a calming effect on humans, helping reduce stress and anxiety. Studies have shown that interacting with an animal, especially a dog, can lower blood pressure and heart rate. - Improvement of Social Skills:
Patients, particularly children and the elderly, benefit from better social interactions. This is especially true for people with autism, for whom animals can serve as a “bridge” for establishing social relationships. - Boosting Self-Esteem